What Spiritual Issues Surrounding A Disaster Can Arise For Essay

What Spiritual Issues Surrounding A Disaster Can Arise For Individuals, Communities, And Health Care Providers - Essay Example It has been observed that due to particular disaster people primarily get emotionally affected. The approach of disaster management most of the time, fails to assist people in overcoming the losses including emotional trauma and other kinds of emotional distress due to high level of disaster (Act alliances, n.d). In this context, people need the support of spiritual care to overcome the aftereffects of any particular disaster. It has been observed that during any particular disaster, several communities of people and diverse cross sectional individual are seeking the assistance of spiritual care. It will be worth mentioning that these faith based organizations are showing an additional contribution towards providing spiritual care to those people who are in need of the same. Spirituality also refers to the aspect where one individual requires support of extra ordinary human care. Spirituality is believed to help people in ensuring early recovery from any kind of mental trauma (National Disaster Interfaith Network, n.d.).

Rates of reaction Essay Example for Free

Rates of reaction Essay Refer to: GRAPH 1 The basic trend of the graph shows that time of reaction (y) decreases at a decreasing rate. More specifically the curve of best fit shows that the average temperature (y) is inversely proportional to the average time of reaction (x). This forms an equation of y=mi (1/x) Time of reaction = constant x (1/temperature). As the constant is set as 1, this can be interpreted as y=1/x. In order to validate this I will produce a line graph showing the relationship between the two. The calculations of 1/temperature are also tabulated below. 2 As can be seen from the graph the time of reaction increases at a constant rate which proves that the time of reaction is proportional to 1 over temperature. Although the points do not form a perfect straight line, using the line of best fit it is possible to determine the time taken by any given temperature. For example a 1/temperature of 0. 015 i C would cause the reaction to take approx. 60 seconds. And by dividing 0. 015 by 1, it is possible determine the actual temperature of the reaction. In this case:   1/temperature = 0. 015 1/0. 025 = 66. 66 Therefore temperature = 66i C Hence it would take approx. 60 seconds for a product to be formed when the temperature is 66i C. I have analysed the time of reaction as this was the dependant variable throughout my experiment, but the aim of my experiment is to determine the relationship between temperature and rate of reaction. Therefore I will begin by producing a scatter diagram showing all the recordings. This will allow me to observe the accuracy of results and also, through a visual display, identify any possible recordings that dont follow the usual trend. Using the recordings of time of reaction, it is possible to convert this into a rate using the following formula: 1 / time taken Below are the rates of reaction calculations tabulated and therefore a scatter diagram demonstrating this: The scatter diagram shows positive correlation meaning as the temperature increases, the rate of reaction also tends to increase. In order to distribute the recordings further and more importantly notify a relationship I will tabulate and produce a line graph showing the average time of reaction recordings against increasing temperature. TEMPERATURE (i C) The basic trend of the graph shows that as the temperature increases so does the rate of reaction, which proves my prediction is correct. However as can be seen, the relationship is not linear. The curve of best fit shows that the average rate of reaction (y) is directly proportional to the square root of temperature (x). I have calculated this below and in order to test a relationship I have produced a line graph: The graph shows that the average rate of reaction increases at a constant rate, excluding the second point, which proves that rate of reaction, is directly proportional to the square root of temperature. Using the line of best fit it is possible to find the rate of reaction by choosing any temperature on the graph. For example a Vtemperature of 3i C would cause the reaction to take approx. 0. 00565 seconds. And by squaring the VtemperaturAs the temperature increases the time of reaction decreases.   As the temperature increases the rate of reaction also increases which validates my prediction is correct. And from demonstrating these findings on line graphs, I was able to determine and prove that:   Time of reaction is proportional to 1/temperature and   rate of reaction is proportional to the square root of temperature. EVALUATION: Accuracy: As can be seen from the circled point on the majority of graphs produced from the results taken, this is identified as an anomaly as it disperses away from the usual trend of the graph. There are many reasons to indicate why an anomaly is present; this consists of human errors and equipment restrictions and possible unruly scientific theories that affect the whole experiment.   The method of using a stop watch to measure the time of reaction was not as reliable as to using more precise recording apparatus such as a time measuring and indicating device for example. This is 1) due to the unit of time where all recordings were automatically rounded to 2d. p. and 2) the mature condition of the stop watch used at times caused a lockage in the start and stop buttons, in a case where the time distinction of getting the stop watch to start and stop may have affected the accuracy of a recording.   Furthermore it was impossible to observe and acknowledge exactly when a reaction had been completed; hence product formation. Extra attention was paid to the reaction, however the stop watch timer was only stopped when I believed the reaction was complete. This is unreliable and has no form of justification as this was determined solely through manual procedure.   Again another profound error may have been the amount of hydrochloric acid. I ensured as much solution as possible was poured into the required beaker after being measured in the measuring cylinder, however there were always small drips of liquid that were inevitable. It is illegible whether this has an influential affect; however this regardless opposes the accuracy of the recordings. The temperature of the solution may have not been as intended at the start of the reaction (when the magnesium was put in). This is primarily due to that the beaker was removed from the heat once the thermometer hit the intended temperature, however the distinction in time of removing the beaker from the heating setup area to the flat desk and entering the magnesium may have caused the temperature to fall (significant/insignificantly is unknown). This is due to the reaction being exothermic, transfer of heat to surroundings, which would have caused dramatic changes in temperature throughout the experiment. There are also reasons to compliment the accuracy of my results:   Each recording was repeated twice. This enabled me to calculate an average and gave me the advantage of being able to produce a better analysis overall.   I was able to identify early on during the preliminary work that the magnesium strips may have not been the same consistent size throughout, but during the actual experiment I took extra care in measuring, cutting and comparing the strips to the required identical length. Reliability: In addition to the scopes of errors mentioned above, there are many other incontrollable factors that may have had a form of influence or obstruction. However no significant problems or difficulties were encountered whilst conducting the experiment. My results and conclusion were accurate and reliable enough to verify a relationship that as the temperature increases, the rate of reaction also increases, hence agreeing with my set prediction. I was also able to determine that an increase in temperature, decreases the time of reaction, furthermore the time of reaction is proportional to 1/temperature and the rate of reaction is proportional to the square root of temperature. Improvements: No matter how accurate produced results are, due to the restriction in apparatus provided and the time to complete the investigation, improvements will always be applicable. Possible improvements:   In order to exclude the scopes of errors mentioned above regarding changing temperature, it would be convenient to conduct reactions in a thermos or similar container which would trap the heat. This would keep the temperature constant and in return increase the accuracy of results. Even though two repeats for each recording was accurate enough to produce a reliable average, increasing this to three or four recordings would produce a range of results which could then be analysed in more detail. From this possible impediments of restrictions may also arise, which whilst analsying may bring about new theories affecting the reactions.   As mentioned earlier, a more precise time measuring device would be useful instead of a stop watch. This would obviously be to produce better, pri cised results and one that would possibly exclude the need of manual operation. Extending the investigation:   It would be useful to experiment temperatures below 30i C. This would enable me to observe the reactions and behavior of lower temperatures. And primarily with the last three temperature recordings it was noticeable that the points were closer which explains the flat curve produced at the end of graphs that produced a curve. This would enable me to observe the point at which reactions are unable to exceed; therefore it would be of use to observe temperatures exceeding 90i. Another method of measurement would be counting the bubbles formed in a reaction. This would require the need of better equipment, but I believe this would form interesting results.   It would also be interesting to experiment the influences of the other variables, as mentioned at the beginning of my coursework. I was able to briefly experiment concentration in my preliminary work, but it would be interesting to do a continuous specialised experiment and also a new variable that comes to mind: light. SECONDARY SOURCES OF INFORMATION: Internet sources used to construct my background knowledge:   http://www. wpbschoolhouse. btinternet. co. uk/page03/3_31rates. htm   http://www. scool. co. uk/topic_quicklearn. asp? loc=qltopic_id=11quicklearn_id=1subject_id=21ebt=248ebn=ebs=ebl=elc=4   http://www. webchem. net/notes/how_far/kinetics/rate_factors. htm.

Creative Story: Death Cload :: essays research papers

Creative Story: Death Cload 2100 hours, Captain James S. Steward of the United States Air Force straps on his G-suit and goes over his mission briefings one last time. He walks out into the hanger and awaits his chariot. The SR-71 Blackbird, the fastest plane in the world with it's twin turbine engines and slick black radar absorbent skin make him a flying shadow in the air. His mission, to fly a covert reconnaissance mission over Moscow, the heart of the USSR Intelligence believe that the Russians have a build up of nuclear missile silos around the capitol. With the Cuban missile crisis at hand, the United States cannot let their guard down on a sneak attack from the Communists. "Another suicide-run," says Captain Steward to his flight maintainer. "Yes, sir," replies the private. Captain Steward squeezes into his cockpit seat like a sardine in a can. Little switches, gauges, and buttons embellish the cockpit, each with a crucial part in flying the aircraft. "Ready to rock n' roll." Steward pulls the Blackbird out of the hanger like a cumbersome Oldsmobile, but only this special Oldsmobile can travel over twice the speed of sound undetected by enemy radar. With a push of the throttle the twin-turbine engines roar with authority. The bird takes flight disappearing into the night skies evanescently. The only sign that it exists is the trademark sonic boom as it passes the sound barrier. After approximately seven hours flight time and two in-flight re-fuelings, the Blackbird reaches its destination, Moscow, Russia. The thermal imaging camera, located in the bird's hull, depicts the radioactivity from nuclear silos as bright yellow and orange blobs on the terrain. The images show seas of yellow throughout Moscow. The city resembles a giant missile base up and operational. Captain Steward pulls a 180 and heads for home with sick eerie feeling in his stomach. After a long comprehensive study of the recon images, the United States order an increase in their production of their nuclear missiles to counter- attack any offensive the Russians have planned. Silos sprout like weeds throughout the United States and the President gave the order for Defcon 2. The country falls in a state of panic, as they slip one step closer to a nuclear holocaust. On the other side of the Atlantic, the USSR notices the nuclear build up in the United States. In fear of an preemptive strike, the Communist fuel and prepare their birds just in case. This pre-war act resembles a chess game; one side makes and move and the other counters it until both sides end up killing

The Myanmar’s Government

There are several initiatives that I would like to take after the completion of my studies. The Myanmar's government has a five-year National Education Sector plan for 2016-2021 which plans a transformational agenda, priorities and approaches to education reform, including higher education. These proposals in transformation of Myanmar's education system will bring various of significant demands upon, struggles, leaders in schools, universities and ministry official. First, to make positive change, there is a high demand for good leaders and good policy makers. These changes also require management, planning, inclusive curriculum development along with institutional strategy, and inclusive policy formulation. In addition, teachers and staff in schools and universities require skills on teaching and research, while managers need provision with leading and managing change, motivational skills, and effective decision making. I am confident to contribute my knowledge and experience to positive changes as good teacher, researcher, and manager at education institutions especially in ethnic minority areas. Secondly, with a master degree from Monash University would give me opportunities to join various non – government organizations in the education field. I understood that many poor and children in remote areas in Myanmar are not receiving good education. Thus, my vision is to create chances for individuals to access a good and quality education. In doing so, I am keen to work with education department and other national level organizations addressing better education policy changes that would have positive impact at the grassroot level as good policy is key for educational reform and development. To make this happen, I would join for instance, National Network for Education Reform as I want to provide inputs, knowledge and discussions for policy change at regional and national levels especially for the minority groups. Lastly, with all the knowledge and practical skills that I would from Australia, I hope that I can work for non- government organizations in ethnic minority area especially in Chin State, where I have a chance to mobilize the Chin community and religious leaders to better address education system for the Chin as part of the decentralization process that can inform the wider national level educational policy especially for the ethnic minority groups in Myanmar.

Crime Is a Social Construct Essay

Crime is a social construct Discuss. This composition will look at crime and its different criminological interpretations. Crime is an umbrella word which covers a diverse range of issues and is dependant upon the theoretical stand point of the writer. Although the wordings of the explanations differ, the implications are consistent (Newburn, 2007. Doherty, 2005). Mclaughlin et al (2006) seems the most relevant for the purpose. They separate crime into three key constituent parts. These are harm, social agreement and the official societal reaction. There are different theoretical interpretations of crime. The product of culturally-bounded social interaction is crime; which is the violation of the social contract (Newburn, 2007. Young, 1995). Societal responses are different dependant upon the society. Theft in the UK may result in caution or non-custodial sentence for a first offence; whereas in Saudi Arabia the offender would lose a hand. Deviance can be perceived as being actions or behaviour which although may not be criminal in nature are at odds with the social norms of the society. Promiscuity is legal, though is perceived as deviant (particularly in females due to patriarchal societal values). Homosexual behaviour, which was previously illegal, has undergone a shift in the moral attitudes of society. The moral’s of society regarding certain activities is not set in stone and it alters over time. This is the view rule-relativists have of crime, as what is appropriate to the society at any given moment in time and may change due to alterations in societal values. Social constructs are the institutions, agencies, judicial bodies and any other mechanisms that are produced to implement social order. These social constructs are not natural phenomena; they are created by the hegemony. Behaviour or activities that offend the social codes & practices of a particular community. These codes and practices may be different due to cultural differences. Legal and social codes are not always identical. Laws are the mortar that binds societies and implement its norms. A Muslim man may marry more than one wife in certain countries. In the USA a Mormon may also marry more than one wife. He may bring both wives into this country with both having legal rights as his wife. However even though his culture would allow him to marry another wife, in this country he wouldn’t be allowed to. A man in the UK would not be allowed more than one wife. If he did marry a second wife he would be charged with bigamy. This crime doesn’t harm anyone; however it is classed as being against the social norms of British society. A number of crimes are made due to the state acting as a moral guardian to its community. At the present in Indonesia it is illegal to chew chewing gum, conversely in the UK this would not be seen as a reasonable criminal offence. Governments are not beyond contravening their own statutes, as in the case of prisoners that have been transferred to Guantanamo bay and the acknowledgement that water boarding (a form of torture) had been used upon a few of these prisoners. As well as the state justice there are systems which provide social control, such as private security etc. â€Å"They comprise the numerous forms of social control of crime and deviance that are part of group life† (Henry, 1994). There are informal modes of social control from local communities, such as being â€Å"sent to Coventry! The legal standpoint is simply what is enacted by society as criminal. On the issue of harm Lord Denning’s ruling in Donoghue v Stevenson holds â€Å"what would the man on the Clapham omnibus think†. Legally in addition to the criminal act there has to be a guilty mind, mens rea as well as the criminal act, actus reus. There has to be a legal capacity to commit crime, Doli incapax means that thos e less than eleven years of age and those suffering from mental illness are seen as not being capable of committing crimes. There are also mitigating circumstances; reasons why a criminal act may be seen as reasonable. This can be observed as being the contextual component; evidence of this can be seen in the case of the mignonette (Morrison, 2005). The classicist classification of crime is activities which have a negative impact upon the individuals and upon their property of the state’s electorate. Classicists do not take into account that there might be other factions with conflicting aims or moral codes. This can be perceived prior to the break up of the former Yugoslavia, where each faction had separate societal views. The conservative view of crime is that anything that threatens the social order should be criminal. This follows the classicist view insofar as that but they also include crimes which damage the integrity and morals of society. Those dealing with new deviance theory assert that there needs to be two separate parties. One party behaves or commits certain actions that another party who has differing morality categorizes that party as deviant. The factions in society with greater power impose their moral codes (Young, 1995). With new deviance theory the faction with the most power controls the morals; this doesn’t necessarily translate to being the majority of society. The Marxist viewpoint on crime is from of class and the intensification of social control of society. This viewpoint perceives capitalist societies as being breeding grounds for criminal activities. Theorists believe that only socialist societies can have any expectation of being without crime. Sheptycki (2006) states that â€Å"the roots of crime lie in the social structural inequalities of wealth and power. Capitalist societies promote individual interests over social welfare. The radical left criminological theory is that the nature of an advanced industrial society with its class system and its natural patriarchy is the cause of the prevalence of crime. They furthermore view crime as being more of a predicament for the poor. The way laws have been created can be shown in the disparity in sentencing for property theft when compa red to white-collar crime. Positivist criminology views crime and criminal activity as explainable through the natural sciences. Positivist criminologists look for specific causes for crime through scientific methodology. Whether this is because of biological, psychological and sociological disciplines to be able to quantify criminal behaviour. Positivists deem that there is a â€Å"consensus of value in society that can be scientifically ascertained† (Young, 1995). To bring to a close crime is a social construct. Crime is in addition a component of the larger issue of deviance. It is a consequence of social norms which the government has enacted into laws. The state has the infrastructure to enforce the society’s behavioural codes. By means of these criminological schools all of any given states laws can be identified. Having observed these, the new deviance theory was the most rational, building as it does on previous schools of thought. This holds that the faction with the greater societal power holding the reins to society’s moral codes. At the present time this looks to be direction in which western societies are on the face of it is heading. The Iraq war was implemented by the powerful elite of society.

The Right of Habeas Corpus in the Context of the War on Terror essay

The Right of Habeas Corpus in the Context of the War on Terror essay The Right of Habeas Corpus in the Context of the War on Terror essay The Right of Habeas Corpus in the Context of the War on Terror essay  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Habeas corpus is one of the means of providing strong protection for the individual liberty of people. It is a civil procedure that has a long and colorful history of evolution. The term â€Å"habeas corpus† stands for a â€Å"command, issued as a means of interlocutory process, to have the defendant to an action brought physically before the court† (Farbey et al., 2011, p. 2). Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the right of habeas corpus, including to whom it should be applied and where it should be used, was raised in the context of the war on terror. Habeas corpus, as a legal proceeding, is considered to be a significant remedy for prisoners. According to David Andrew Schultz (2009), prisoners have the right to â€Å"ask a court to evaluate the legality of his or her detention† (p. 334). It is very important for any individual to understa nd the legal justification for detention. Thesis statement: The application of habeas corpus has changed since its origin because of certain changes in political environment, but its major purpose remains unchanged to protect individual liberty and human rights. As a result, the right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror continues to be in force and effect.The historical evolution of the writ of habeas corpus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The historical evolution of habeas corpus can be explained in English and American traditions. Habeas corpus stands for the â€Å"order to bring a person into the custody of the court† (Farbey et al., 2011, p. 1). The origins of habeas corpus refer to the early 13-th century, when the use of habeas corpus was focused on putting an individual to prison rather than to setting free. To put it more exactly, habeas corpus was adopted to ensure the physical presence of an individual in the court at a set time (Farbey et al., 2011; Schultz, 2009).   Historians state that in some situations, it was used to â€Å"signify a command to the sheriff to bring a person accused of a crime before the court† (Farbey et al., 2011, p. 2). At the early stage of the history of habeas corpus, this term was not associated with the idea of individual liberty.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In fact, there were three important medieval writs, which played an important role in the development of the idea of liberty: â€Å"de homine replegiando, mainprize and de odio et atia† (Farbey et al., 2011, p. 3). These writs were applied to special procedures, enabling prisoners to get out on bail. In this case, the court did not give explanation of the cause of imprisonment. So, the legality of imprisonment could be determined in case of habeas corpus.The explanation of the evolution of habeas corpus within the English tradition is based on the adoption of the English common law. According to Sir William Blackstone, an outstanding English lawman, the habeas corpus was first applied by the court in 1305 (Schultz, 2009).   Some other historical evidence shows that it was first recorded by Magna Charta in 1215 (Schultz, 2009). Thus, the original judicial application of the law was in favor of the King as the initial purpose of the habeas writ was to call prisoners to court to testify. The changes in the political environment through the ages influenced the application of the habeas writ (Primus, 2010).   The present purpose of the law is to provide protection against arbitrary detention of individuals by the law enforcement agencies. American tradition includes the general meaning of the right of habeas corpus in the U.S. Constitution and its positive relationship to the protection of other civil liberties and rights.There are many examples from the U.S. history that demonstrate the cases of the suspension of habeas corpus, including the Civil War, the WWI cases. For examp le, in 1862, President Lincoln suspended the habeas writ for persons who were arrested for disloyal practices. The suspension of habeas corpus can be applied to the present situation because of the Constitution’s clauses that authorize the U.S. government to have power in terms of the use of the habeas writ. The Article I, Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution refers to the congressional authority, which can be applied to present day cases of war on terrorism. The writ of habeas corpus is still an important component of the law, although the debates surrounding it are still prevalent.Analysis of the relevance of habeas corpus to the contemporary U.S. situation  during the war on terrorAnalyzing the relevance of habeas corpus to the contemporary U.S. situation during the war on terror, it is necessary to assess the impact of the writ on the persons characterized by as enemy combatants or illegal combatants. Due to the writ of habeas, a person can be released from unlawful deten tion. Habeas corpus played an important role the cases that had direct relation to the war on terror not only in the U.S., but also in the United Kingdom, where it was alleged that â€Å"detainees have been held in breach of international human rights law standards† (Duxbury, 2013, p. 85). There are several cases that are relevant to the habeas writ, including Rusul v. Bush (2004), Boumediene v. Bush (2008), and other cases. Military commissions were used to trial detainees. In many cases, prisoners were limited to a ‘single habeas petition† (Slomanson, 2010, p. 544).The U.S. Supreme Court’s interpretation of the right of habeas corpuswith respect to enemy combatants or illegal combatantsThe U.S. Supreme Court’s interpretation of the right of habeas corpus with respect to enemy combatants or illegal combatants can be analyzed by means of the case Boumediene v. Bush, in which the views of the five justices made up the majority. The petitioners in the case were detained foreigners who were withdrawn by the court, violating the Suspension Clause of the Constitution. The 5-4 opinion court decision authored by Justice Kennedy was reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court, holding that the petitioners had a constitutional right to habeas corpus. Besides, the views of the four dissenting justices should be taken into consideration.In general, the writ of habeas can be described as a wartime practice with respect to enemy combatants. However, Americans assisting the enemy during war actions have always been treated as â€Å"traitors subject to criminal process† (Gregory, 2013).Evaluation of four perspectives relating to habeas corpusThe issue regarding habeas corpus has been discussed by the justices of the Supreme Court, leaders in other branches of government, and commentators in both the academic and popular media.The role of the President as Commander-in-Chief  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of the President as Commander-in-Chief regarding habeas corpus is based on his constitutional authority to provide protection to the nation and national security in the most suitable manner. It has been found that the President has the right to exercise his Commander-in-Chief authority in â€Å"conjunction with the complete support of Congress† (Gregory, 2013, p. 368).The role of Congress in determining when habeas corpus can be suspended  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of Congress in determining when habeas corpus can be suspended is crucial. According to researchers, â€Å"the Suspended Clause of the Constitution allows Congress to suspend the writ of habeas corpus â€Å"in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion† of â€Å"the public safety†¦ requires it† (qtd. in Blum, 2008, p. 99). If the attacks of September 9, 2001 can be viewed an invasion, it is possible to respond to this invasion by suspending the writ (Redish McNamara, 2010).   The threat to the nat ion posed by terrorism can be regarded as invasion, although there is no this occasion in the US Constitution. Nevertheless, Congress has the right and power to suspend habeas corpus as it is the branch of the US government. In the case of Boumediene v. Bush, Congress passed Military Commissions Act of 2006, to address the detention of the foreigners at Guantanamo Bay. This act cannot be viewed as the formal suspension of habeas corpus (Farrell, 2011).The role of the Supreme Court in protecting civil liberties, including the judicial philosophy which should guide the Court in this role  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The U.S. Supreme Court holds that the privilege of habeas corpus permits the prisoner to have an opportunity to show that â€Å"he is being held pursuant to the erroneous application or interpretation of relevant law† (Blum, 2008, p. 90). In the case of Boumediene v. Bush (2008), the foreigners at Guantanamo Bay enjoyed the right of habeas corpus, bri nging their petition to the federal court (Neuman, 2010).   This fact means that foreigners have the right to file habeas corpus petition as the U.S. citizens do. This is a so-called procedural remedyMy personal philosophy, values, or ideology about the balance between civil liberties and national security in the context of an unending war on terror  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that the common laws on terrorism must be flexible, and the law of habeas corpus should be followed. Today the USA is a well-developed country, which has an opportunity to capture a criminal anywhere on the globe.   Besides, the President’s power is effective to deal with war on terrorism. However, I completely agree with Justice Thomas who states that â€Å"the court’s ability to keep up with the president must stay frozen forever† (Gregory, 2013, p. 370). The nature of the common law in the judiciary depends on the presidential wartime powers. The Presidency was adopted by the U.S. Constitution that provides the application of the common law practices, including the writ of habeas corpus. My personal philosophy is based on promoting justice in all spheres of human activity, especially in the judiciary and governance.   I believe there should be the balance between civil liberties and national security in the context of an unending war on terror. In time of war on terror, it is necessary to avoid conflicts which affect national defense.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that habeas corpus has always been an important writ aimed at protecting individual liberty from unlawful governmental actions. The major goal of habeas corpus is to keep executive governmental agencies and departments accountable to their judiciary. American national government plays a crucial role in examination of civil liberties in the context of the war on terror. Today the U.S. has to deal with the war on terr orism which often leads to the problems connected with striking a balance between individual liberty rights and national security. The right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror should continue to be in force and effect.

Plessy v Ferguson essays

Plessy v Ferguson essays In 1896 the Supreme Court had held in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregation was allowed as long as equal facilities were provided for both races. Although that decision was made for passenger on railroads, the principle of "separate but equal" was applied thereafter to all aspects of public life. Why after fifty years did the Supreme Court finally decided to overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson decision for the Brown v. Board case? There are many factors that changed the mind of the Supreme Court at this time. The main reason why the Supreme Court overturned the Plessy case came from Chief of Justice Earl Warren. He found that it wrong for children of the same age to be separated from each other while growing up in this world. Many fought for the Brown decision to be passed for example teachers, and industrial workers and many more. Many African Americans from 1896 to 1954 were fighting for their rights and many cases went to the Supreme Court which was denied. The Plessy v. Ferguson case took place in 1896 when a man named Plessy sat in the White section of a car in the train. He was arrest and was put on trail. Plessy went to court and argued that the separate cars violated the Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution. The judge at this time was John Howard Ferguson. He had previously declared the separate cars were "unconstitutional on trains that traveled through several states." However, in regards to the Plessy trial, he stated that Louisiana could regulate railroad companies that only operated within its state. Ferguson found Plessy guilty of refusing to leave the white mans car. Plessy decided to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Louisiana. The Supreme Court of Louisiana still found Plessy quilt. Plessy didnt want to give up and he wanted to fight for his rights. He then decided to take his case to the United States Supreme Court. In 1896, The Supreme Court of the United States found Homer Plessy guilt...

Asistir Conjugation in Spanish, Translations and Examples

Asistir Conjugation in Spanish, Translations and Examples Asistir is a Spanish verb that can mean- you guessed it- to assist or to help. But it is used more often for to attend or to go, as to an event, a school, or a class. It can also mean to attend to, such as in working to resolve a problem or in taking care of a medical patient. Asistir is conjugated regularly, so you can use  the charts here for  conjugating most other -ir verbs as well. Youll find listings here for all the simple tenses in both the indicative and subjunctive moods, such as the present, both types of the past (imperfect and preterite), the future, and the conditional. And of course, also included are the past participle, gerund, and periphrastic future as well as the commands or imperative mood. When talking about attending something, asistir is typically followed by the preposition a or the contraction al. As a verb for to help, asistir is somewhat formal. In informal situations, such as everyday speech, a more common verb is ayudar. In the conjugation charts below, the conjugation itself is the same for any of the meanings of  asistir, but the examples provided  apply to the most common use, to attend to. Present Indicative Tense of Asistir Yo asisto I attend Yo asisto al concierto de rock. T asistes You attend T asistes a la escuela. Usted/l/ella asiste You/he/she attends Ella asiste al gimnasio. Nosotros asistimos We attend Nosotros asistimos al juego. Vosotros asists You attend Vosotros asists a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asisten You/they attend Ellos asisten a la reunin. Asistir Preterite The preterite is one of the two simple past tenses and is used with actions that came to a clear end. Yo asist I attended Yo asist al concierto de rock. T asististe You attended T asististe a la escuela. Usted/l/ella asisti You/he/she attended Ella asisti al gimnasio. Nosotros asistimos We attended Nosotros asistimos al juego. Vosotros asististeis You attended Vosotros asististeis a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asistieron You/they attended Ellos asistieron a la reunin. Imperfect Indicative Form of Asistir The  imperfect  is the second simple past tense. One common use of the imperfect is to establish the background for another event. You normally would use the preterite to translate I attended the concert, but you could use the imperfect to indicate that as I was attending the concert, something else happened. Yo asista I was attending Yo asista al concierto de rock. T asistas You were attending T asistas a la escuela. Usted/l/ella asista You/he/she was attending Ella asista al gimnasio. Nosotros asistamos We were attending Nosotros asistamos al juego. Vosotros asistais You were attending Vosotros asistais a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asistan You/they were attending Ellos asistan a la reunin. Asistir Future Tense Yo asistir I will attend Yo asistir al concierto de rock. T asistirs You will attend T asistirs a la escuela. Usted/l/ella asistir You/he/she will attend Ella asistir al gimnasio. Nosotros asistiremos We will attend Nosotros asistiremos al juego. Vosotros asistiris You will attend Vosotros asistiris a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asistirn You/they will attend Ellos asistirn a la reunin. Periphrastic Future of Asistir Periphrastic is simply a way of saying something has more than one word. So this tense is simply ir a as the equivalent of Englishs going to. Yo voy a asistir I am going to attend Yo voy a asistir al concierto de rock. T vas a asistir You are going to attend T vas a asistir a la escuela. Usted/l/ella va a asistir You/he/she are/is going to attend Ella va a asistir al gimnasio. Nosotros vamos a asistir We are going to attend Nosotros vamos a asistir al juego. Vosotros vais a asistir You are going to attend Vosotros vais a asistir a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a asistir You/they are going to attend Ellos van a asistir a la reunin. Present Progressive/Gerund Form of Asistir Gerund of asistir asistiendo assisting/attending Yo estoy asistiendo a los conciertos de rock. Past Participle of Asistir Past participles are combined with forms of haber. They indicate that the verbs action has been or will be completed. Participle of asistir asistido have attended Yo he asistido al  concierto de rock. Conditional  Indicative Form of Asistir Yo asistira I would attend Yo asistira al concierto de rock si tuviera dinero. T asistiras You would attend T asistiras a la escuela si tuvieras la edad. Usted/l/ella asistira You/he/she would attend Ella asistira al gimnasio si tuviera compaera. Nosotros asistiramos We would attend Nosotros asistiramos al juego si pudiramos comprar boletos. Vosotros asistirais You would attend Vosotros asistirais a la universidad si quisierais. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asistiran You/they would attend Ellos asistiran a la reunin si tuvieran tiempo. Present Subjunctive of Asistir Que yo asista That I attend Pedro quiere que yo asista al concierto de rock. Que t asistas That you attend Andrea quiere que t asistas a la escuela. Que usted/l/ella asista That you/he/she attend Ana quiere que ella asista al gimnasio. Que nosotros asistamos That we attend Ral quiere que asistamos al juego. Que vosotros asistis That you attend Selena quiere que vosotros asistis a la universidad. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas asistan That you/they attend Roberto quiere que ellos asistan a la reunin. Imperfect Subjunctive Form of Asistir Most of the time, you can use either one of the conjugations given below for the imperfect subjunctive. The first one is used more often. Option 1 Que yo asistiera That I attended Pedro quera que yo asistiera al concierto de rock. Que t asistieras That you attended Andrea quera que t asistieras a la escuela. Que usted/l/ella asistiera That you/he/she attended Ana quera que ella asistiera al gimnasio. Que nosotros asistiramos That we attended Ral quera que nosotros asistiramos al juego. Que vosotros asistierais That you attended Selena quera que vosotros asistierais a la universidad. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas asistieran That you/they attended Roberto quera que ellos asistieran a la reunin. Option 2 Que yo asistiese That I attended Pedro quera que yo asistiese al concierto de rock. Que t asistieses That you attended Andrea quera que t asistieses a la escuela. Que usted/l/ella asistiese That you/he/she attended Ana quera que ella asistiese a la escuela. Que nosotros asistisemos That we attended Ral quera que nosotros asistisemos al juego. Que vosotros asistieseis That you attended Selena quera que vosotros asistieseis a la universidad. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas asistiesen That you/they attended Roberto quera que ellos asistiesen a la reunin. Imperative Forms of Asistir Imperative (Positive Command) Yo T asiste Attend! Asiste al concierto! Usted asista Attend! Asista a la escuela! Nosotros asistamos Lets attend! Asistamos al juego! Vosotros asistid Attend! Asistid a la universidad! Ustedes asistan Attend! Asistan a la reunin! Imperative (Negative Command) Yo T no asistas Dont attend! No asistas al concierto! Usted no asista Dont attend! No asista a la escuela! Nosotros no asistamos Lets not attend! No asistamos al juego! Vosotros no asistis Dont attend! No asistis a la universidad! Ustedes no asistan Dont attend! No asistan a la reunin!

ADA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The Leadership at Food and Drug Administration Essay

The Leadership at Food and Drug Administration - Essay Example The FDA granted permission to Merck to market rofecoxib (Vioxx) and it generated more than $2.5 billion but surprisingly, the company withdrew the drug as a result of the excess risk of myocardial infarctions and strokes. The responsible people, in this case, did not take appropriate action to safeguard the health concerns of the people through several studies had shown that this drug has side effects in the people involved. Merck and the FDA reneged on their responsibilities to the public which can be regarded as unethical in their health care profession. Â  The traits of Merck, for instance, are oriented towards generating revenue at the expense of the health of the consumers of rofecoxib. He prioritizes commercial interests ahead of the public health concerns. This is shown by his audacity to spend more than $100 million per year in direct-to-consumer advertising. On the other hand, it can be noted that the FDA which could have stopped Merck from using direct-to-consumer advertising as a result of the fact that cardiovascular toxicity was real since it received considerable confirmation in multiple studies did not act decisively. The leadership at FDA and Merck share the responsibility of not taking appropriate action meant to safeguard the interests of public health.

Art, Music, Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art, Music, Religion - Essay Example This can be through word art or poetry, sculptures, a beautiful painting among others. Consequently, it is the greatest illusion imposed on the wills of mankind as an alternate reality. Hence, it is suffice to say that art has a profound and immeasurable impact on the lives of human beings. Foremost, art is the expression of life and consequently enhances our awareness and appreciation of nature and the gift of life. The artistic visual impression of nature’s scenery such as the sun, rivers and wild animals, enhance the intrinsic value of life and elucidate a sense of nurturing and care by human beings. Second, art is a tool for communication that is used to convey special messages of a social, economic or religious connotation. Hence, it is the voice that reaches beyond the canvass, provokes thought and shapes the perception of people pertaining to the message conveyed. Third, art impacts on the moods of people by eliciting both positive and negative emotions. For example, vi sual or musical art can stir positive emotions such as happiness, optimism or peace of mind. While some darker form of art, such as those expressing war or hunger, can provoke negative emotions such as depression, anxiety or anger. Consequently, these emotions can affect the daily life of a person in a positive or negative way. Furthermore, art contributes in the building of local and global relations. This is because art is a universal language since the information being conveyed is the same all over. Moreover, the participation in art calls for interaction as people meet in experiencing it or developing it. Consequently it results in the building of interpersonal relations. 2. Art in Puerto Rico Graffiti is a form of street art that involves scratching or scribbling and is derivative of the Italian word graffiato (DeAngels, 2010). It is used to convey messages to the wider public, through the artistic writings or paintings, via public and private surfaces such as buildings and st reets. Historically, evidence shows that graffiti existed in ancient civilizations in the form of figure sketches and inscriptions. These were evident from the ruined walls of sepulchers in places such as Pompelli and Catacombs. In the modern period, the use of graffiti in the early 1970s was associated with youth in New York from the Puerto Rican and black communities. These youth incorporated the use of tags by spray painting public city buildings, subway trains and buses. However, the famous revolutionary graffiti artist referred to as the, â€Å"father of controversial graffiti†, was Jean-Michel Basquiat. He was the son of a Puerto Rican mother and Haitian father who inspired the spread and growth of graffiti to Puerto Rico. The messages conveyed by his art at the time by the graffiti related to issues such as wealth inequalities, racial segregation and discrimination among others. Consequently, Jean-Michel Basuaiat’s art work cast graffiti into international recog nition and inspired the youthful generation in Puerto Rico. Presently, graffiti is used in Puerto Rico as a creative tool for expressing thoughts, ideas and opinions of a political meaning or otherwise. Moreover, the graffiti in Puerto Rican cities such as Old San Juan and Santurce, display beauty and angst that have formed played a part in its culture. The government on its part can control graffiti by distinguishing it from the illegal version of it known as tagging and reigning in on the culprits. The tagging form of art is mostly gang related and driven by the motive of vandalism, controversy to public value and vulgarity. This is opposed to the creativity and beauty in expression in expression of graffiti that the

Report of Firm Investigated by the SEC Assignment

Report of Firm Investigated by the SEC - Assignment Example On June 2003 the SEC (2009) a reported that a suit relating to securities fraud was filed against Martha Stewart and her stockbroker Peter Bacanovic by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC alleged that on December 27, 2001, a crime of insider trading was committed when the Stewart sold stock that was held in the company ImClone Systems, Inc (SEC 2009). This decision to sell was based on a tip that she received from Bacanovic who at that time was a broker with Merrill Lynch. ImClone Systems was a biopharmaceutical company which was awaiting a ruling on a cancer treatment drug from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A day before the announcement that the drug was being investigated Stewart sold her shares in the company. This sale was based on the actions that were anticipated from the FDA. Both Stewart and Bacanovic conspired to conceal information from the SEC and were therefore slapped with additional charges for making false statements (SEC 2009). Martha Stewart appeared to have an advantage when she sold her stock a day before the public would have knowledge about the FDA’s investigation. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2003). SEC Charges Martha Stewart, Broker Peter Bacanovic with Illegal Insider Trading. Retrieved from: http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2003-69.htm [Accessed 6 Oct

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering - Term Paper Example The discovery of smallest planet, the discovery of earth like planet and some huge planets were explained in this part. The thirst for knowing more about our universe has developed in the minds of the human only after science and technology started to develop rapidly. Earlier, human had very little knowledge about our universe and our planet, but as science started to unveil the mysteries about the universe, one after another, humans started to dream about finding life in other planets also. They started to investigate more about other planets in the solar system and the possibility of life existing there. But so far, no planets in the solar system appear to be having life forms because of the extreme weather conditions there. The failure to find life forms in the planets of the solar system forced the human to look beyond the boundaries of our solar system in search of life forms which resulted in the discovery of many other planets in the recent times. Planets found outside the solar system is generally termed as Extrasolar planet or exoplanet. As of from now scientists have discovered around 500 such planets outside the solar system with the help of indirect methods such as radial velocity observations and direct methods or direct imaging technologies using powerful telescopes. The discovered exoplanets were large and small in size compared to the earth. It is scientifically proved that a substantial number of stars may have planetary system like the sun. Exoplanets became a matter of interest in the nineteenth century when the scientists and technologists started their space exploration actively to find extraterrestrial life with the help of powerful telescopes and other modern technological equipments. On September 30 2010, Paul Butler and his colleague Steven Vogt of the University of California at Santa Cruz, â€Å"announced the discovery of a rocky planet in another solar system that has the most basic and essential conditions needed to

Written Grammar assisgnment-Rhetoric Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Written Grammar assisgnment-Rhetoric - Assignment Example Isn’t it the students who are the future of the workplace? Our society has become highly dependent on mobile technology (Vess, 2013). This triggers the argument, ‘is mobile technology in schools productive or a hindrance?’ It is true that if mobile devices are improperly used, they can be hazardous in school (Chadband, 2012). However, BYOT/BYOD is already an integral part of a students’ life that it would be ineffective to throw out mobile devices completely. In fact, throwing out mobile devices would have a negative impact on students in school causing them to rebel and hence hindering effective performance. If the present workforce is an indication of the future, then today’s students’ need the freedom to work with their own mobile devices (Vess, 2013). As the number of students using mobile technology increases in school districts, it is up to the school administrators to deliver and offer training programs for teachers in the use of mobile devices (Schaffhauser, 2014). In conclusion, BYOT/BYOD in schools is inevitable. Mobile technology and devices are already a part of a student’s lifestyle, and developing their technological skills within a school setting will prepare them for the workplace and even put them in leadership positions. Therefore, the aim for schools now, is to embrace and integrate new ways of teaching using mobile technologies and devices. Schaffhauser, D. (2014). Report: Most Schools delivering BYOD programs, training teachers in mobile device usage. Retrieved Jan 2, 2015 from http://thejournal.com/articles/2014/03/27/report-most-schools-delivering-byod-programs-training-teachers-in-mobile-devices-usage.aspx Vess, B. (2013). Mobile Devices in the Classroom: The Argument for BYOD Implementation. Retrieved Jan 2, 2015 from

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering - Term Paper Example The discovery of smallest planet, the discovery of earth like planet and some huge planets were explained in this part. The thirst for knowing more about our universe has developed in the minds of the human only after science and technology started to develop rapidly. Earlier, human had very little knowledge about our universe and our planet, but as science started to unveil the mysteries about the universe, one after another, humans started to dream about finding life in other planets also. They started to investigate more about other planets in the solar system and the possibility of life existing there. But so far, no planets in the solar system appear to be having life forms because of the extreme weather conditions there. The failure to find life forms in the planets of the solar system forced the human to look beyond the boundaries of our solar system in search of life forms which resulted in the discovery of many other planets in the recent times. Planets found outside the solar system is generally termed as Extrasolar planet or exoplanet. As of from now scientists have discovered around 500 such planets outside the solar system with the help of indirect methods such as radial velocity observations and direct methods or direct imaging technologies using powerful telescopes. The discovered exoplanets were large and small in size compared to the earth. It is scientifically proved that a substantial number of stars may have planetary system like the sun. Exoplanets became a matter of interest in the nineteenth century when the scientists and technologists started their space exploration actively to find extraterrestrial life with the help of powerful telescopes and other modern technological equipments. On September 30 2010, Paul Butler and his colleague Steven Vogt of the University of California at Santa Cruz, â€Å"announced the discovery of a rocky planet in another solar system that has the most basic and essential conditions needed to

Do police reduce crime(Know how to use stata) Research Paper

Do police reduce crime(Know how to use stata) - Research Paper Example After a terrorist attack that took place in July 1994, Argentina, the main Jewish center in Buenos Aires, it led to all Jewish institutions receiving police protection. Hence, this hideous event initiated a police force geographical allocation that can be presumed exogenous in a crime regression. Using data on the car thefts after and before the attack, the study found out a significant effect of police on crime. The impact was observed to be local, with no impact outside the small area where the police were deployed. Introduction In the study a different approach has been presented to estimate the police on crime causal effect. Terrorists exploded a bomb on July 18, 1994 that brought down the Asociacion Mutual Israelita Argentina (A.M.I.A.), which is the key Jewish center in Argentina. This saw 85 persons dyeing and at least 300 were injured in the attack. The federal government had to assign police one week later in order to protect every Muslim and Jewish building in the country. These were done because the institutions’ geographical distribution was presumed to be ‘exogenous in a crime regression,’ this hideous event is composed of a natural experiment where the simultaneous determination of police presence and crime might be broken. The motor vehicle thefts number per block information was collected in 3 neighborhoods in Buenos Aires after and before the terrorist attack. The information includes a period of 9 month starting April 1 to December 31, 1994. Information on each Jewish institution location in these neighborhoods was also collected. There was then an estimation of the police presence effect on car theft. The estimates indicated that blocks which received police protection had substantially fewer car thefts as compared to the rest of the neighborhoods. There was no evidence that the presence of police in a certain block reduced car theft one or two blocks that was away from the buildings which were protected. There has been a major interest to identify the mechanisms where presence of police reduces crime. Is it that the presence of police results to criminal activity to be less attractive or is it that police men arrested criminals and few of them were left around to com- on car thefts? The total number of car thefts per block was used as the dependent Variable; this gave a panel with nine observations for every given block. This data on blocks without and with protected institutions enabled us to define a control and treatment group. Month fixed effects were included that controlled any aggregate shocks in the crime evolution. The main procedure utilized in this study was regression analysis. It was utilized to explain the total variation of the dependent variable, Car theft. The dependent variable was accompanied by 9 variables, which were tested against the dependent variable to determine how much of the total variation is explained. The analyses also discussed the comparison of the different regress ion models, and determine which model is the most effective. In regards to the regression analysis results, it is clearly evident that model 2 is the strongest. The independent variables including street, dummy Jews institution one block away, block distance to closest institution and dummy gas station were omitted and not included in the second model because there P value was greater than 0.05 implying the data collected was either not valid or there was no enough evidence to make

Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response Essay Example for Free

Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response Essay This experiment showed that Albert developed a fear of a white rat through associating a neutral stimulus with a fear provoking stimulus. However some individuals may have inherited a high level of physiological reactivity. The extent to which the individual is classically conditioned to a neutral stimulus could be determined by this physiological reactivity. In addition, animal phobia is more likely to become classically conditioned because there is preparedness for survival from the EEA, other stimuli may not become classically conditioned. Davison found phobias of neutral stimuli cannot be easily conditioned as Alberts experiment suggested; he tried to condition phobias of neutral stimuli in a laboratory but had little success. However being in an experimental setting may have prevented the participants from behaving naturally; therefore the fear was not conditioned. The behaviourist concept of stimulus generalising suggest that a fear response to one thing can be generalised to other things, and as predicted by the behavioural concept Albert generalised the phobia of white rats to other furry white objects such as cotton wool, fur and white beards. However his reactivity may predispose him to the anxious disorder. Due to Albert being a child he may have developed his fear of the rat because he was immediately able to recognise the appearance of the animal is least like a human, he feared other objects that were similar to the rat because he developed a cognitive bias unconsciously. Also the research evidence on phobias being a result of traumatic experiences lacks reliability, as shown by Davison it is difficult to replicate Watson and Rayners experiment; although it was found 50% of people suffering from certain phobias recalled a traumatic experience that had triggered their phobia, therefore supporting classical conditioning. The other 50% of phobics that cannot recall an unpleasant experience initiating their phobia could be due to repression of the expression. The development of phobias can also be explained by Mowrers two-process theory, this involves operant conditioning. The first stage of the process involves classical conditioning, for example linking the white rat and the loud noise. The second stage of the theory involves operant conditioning as avoidance of the phobic stimulus reduces the fear response and is thus reinforcing, therefore the fear is maintained and a phobia is developed. Behavioural explanations are reductionist; they oversimplify concepts to one specific thing and ignore other factors. The explanation is also deterministic because it suggests behaviour is controlled by the environment and ignores the individuals own ability to control their behaviour. Social learning theory explains fear as not being intentional, the learning of the fear happens at an unconscious cognitive level. Evidence of modelling was found in monkeys that observed other monkeys displaying a fearful reaction to a snake; these monkeys developed a phobia of snakes because it is a harmful stimulus. Bandura proposed phobias can be learnt through observational learning, modelling and direct reinforcement. There are other psychological explanations of anxious disorders. The cognitive explanation suggests faulty thinking is the cause of phobias. Beck and Emery conceded that anxious people avail cognitive biases, which causes them exaggerate the threats posed by stimuli. This has face validity because phobics have reported high level of anxiety and it is plausible that phobics find their environment a threatening place. Clarks cognitive theory of panic disorder suggests individuals suffering from panic disorder tend to interpret their bodily functions over sensitively i.e. they react to their bodily functions in a life-threatening way. This makes them more anxious and increases their catastrophic thoughts. However it cannot be identified if cognitive biases are the cause of phobias or if the phobias are the cause of the individuals cognitive biases. Also the over consciousness of bodily response could be due to physiological reactivity of the individual and it maybe the underlying cause of the fear. The explanation is description rather than explanatory; it describes the thought patterns of the individual but does not explain why the individual is having these thought patterns. The social explanation is another psychological explanation of anxiety disorders. According to this explanation parental rearing styles have an impact on the development of phobias. It has been found that parental styles that are high in control and overprotection and low in affection are linked to social phobia and agoraphobia. However accounts of parental styles are retrospective. Another limitation is all that has been obtained is correlations between rearing styles and anxiety disorders, correlations do not prove causality. There is evidence that phobics experience more serious life events before the onset of the anxiety disorder, in Kleiner and Marshalls study, 84% of agoraphobics reported to have experienced family problems prior to their first panic attack. Finlay and Brown found a difference between anxious and depressed patients in terms of life events they had experienced in the 12 months prior to the onset of their disorder. Both groups had experienced an above average number of life events, but anxious patients tended to have experienced danger events, whereas depressed patients experienced loss events. However life events may be a factor of variables that developed the disorders. In conclusion the behavioural explanation claims phobias are developed as a result of classical and operant conditioning, this is called the two-process theory. The experiment with Albert demonstrated classical conditioning. However, research indicates that phobias do not depend on having previously encountered a frightening situation, and individuals that have experienced frightening encounters do not necessarily develop a phobia. Social learning theory is a behavioural explanation that may apply to some specific phobias. The cognitive explanation suggests that the individual suffering from the phobia have cognitive biases which cause the individual to exaggerate the threat posed by the stimuli. Some individuals may react to their bodily responses in a catastrophic way more than other individuals because they have a higher physiological reactivity. The social explanation can be used to explain the development of phobias through parental rearing styles and life events. The main problem with obtaining information about parental rearing styles may be the individual perceives the style differently from how it actually was. The main problem with obtaining information on life events is that it was in the past the so remembering them may be distorted and some events may have been forgotten. All three accounts of psychological explanations can be used to describe the development of phobias; however there are other explanations of anxiety disorders that are not psychological such as the evolutionary explanation. According to preparedness argument phobias are adaptive because they are a fear of things that would have been a threat to humans in the EEA. The evolutionary explanation is a counter perspective of the conditioning explanation and may explain why replications of Watson and Rayners experiment failed to condition phobias to neutral stimuli.

Good Business Writing Essay -- Education Educating Write Essays

Good Business Writing As the discussion of good writing evolved in class, I began to wonder what made good business writing. I thought about the purpose in writing both within a particular company and between different companies and organizations. I decided that most writing in business is meant to be either informative, persuasive, or a combination of both. Whether informative or persuasive in nature, I have decided that most good business writing is very similar to other good writing. I have chosen to focus on three elements that contribute to good usage in business. They are: Simplicity Jargon for the target audience Grammar Some business writers mistakenly believe that by adopting a lofty tone and utilizing complex sentences containing numerous subordinate clauses along with multiple polysyllabic words, they will be taken more seriously. The previous sentence contrasts directly with George Orwell's advice to cut out words if possible. I think Orwell means the writer is to get rid of the excess, the fluff that fails to really communicate an idea or concept. Orwell seems to advocate simplicity. Simplicity does not dilute the author's intended message. Simplicity actually clarifies the author's meaning since it is direct and uses common English words. This type of writing is also efficient. Readers can easily understand the content and can move along to the next task. Since many employees in business today suffer from information overload, given the choice, most people will read a shorter document first. If a writer can communicate the information in either three or twelve pages equally well, it is to bett er use the more tightly written three-page version. While both documents may have equal merit, it is simply co... ...onventions. These conventions may vary slightly from business to business, but are basically the same across the United States. These devices include: The use of bullets to emphasize particular points Large amounts of white space Gender neutral language I have explored some of the elements I think are present in good business writing and result in good usage. Through this exploration, I see that there are other elements of good usage I could have examined, but chose not to. A variety of advice on writing is available, but there is not one definitive rule or even one handbook to which a writer must strictly adhere. There are guidelines a writer might consider, but ultimately, the writer must adapt his or her writing according to each writing situation. Rules are guidelines meant to be helpful. When rules cease to be helpful or become too dogmatic, disregard.

Nature :: essays research papers

After reading the chapter encountering nature the question arises. What is nature and why have historical American figures such as poets and writers focused so much of their time on writing about nature. Well the answer is quit simple. Nature is a part of us and history. It can’t be avoided. After reading this nature causes many natural disasters such as snow and frigid temperatures. Many classic stories discuss the cold winter and survival. Moby Dick talks about a Captains goal to find the great white whale. Nature is a beautiful thing but it can also be devastating. Natural disasters such as things that happen in the ocean can be deadly. Tidal waves are just one example of what the ocean can do. These massive waves can crash down on entire cities destroying anything in its path. Creatures of the sea such as whales and sharks can be deadly. Even though the odds are slim of being killed by one, things can still happen. Such creatures like whales as depicted in Moby Dick can be a nice sight but also deadly. In the book the captain of the ship lost his leg in a prior encounter with a whale. When the crew went after Moby Dick he snapped and swelled huge waves towards the boat and attacked. He wrecked the ship. The panicked crew was scattered around the boat. IN the end nature prevailed because moby dick scared the crew. But it was the humans who got the last word when they killed he gigantic whale. Frigid cold winters are another one of nature’s forces. Back in the times of the Indians, and before modern day housing people had to survive in the cold. Many times people lived on mountaintops or alongside a river. When winter hit its strongest it was hard to live. These people used techniques such as making fires and eating wild fruit and killing animals as way of survival. As in the classic story Rain of Gold, gold was traded for food and clothing. This was one of the only ways to harvest food in the weather. Water was easily found by almost every one in the mountains, this mad it to trade. Every one was eager to get gold. Mother nature poured piles of snow onto the mountains making the trading of goods a necessity. Snow is a thing of beauty but when Mother Nature unleashes her full power it can be deadly.

Britains Policy of Salutary Neglect

Thesis: * Britain’s policy of Salutary Neglect guided the American Society in Legislative assemblies, commerce, and religion; it is because of these factors that made the Americas a thriving world source for trade and many other things. Point One: * Because of salutary neglect, citizens were able to form their own legislative assemblies and were free to make their own decisions. * Legislative Assemblies were formed out of the same principle of the British House of Commons. The principle of government in the House of Commons was that government should represent the people. * To begin, legislation was readily discussed in various areas throughout the new world. In New England, a convention was launched, and delegated power to town officials.* The officials had meetings where they discussed the future of their country. * . Similarly, a council was started in Virginia, the House of Burgesses, which acted as a legislative body for the Virginia colony. Point Two: * Because it helped the colonists expand trade with other countries. escaped the strict laws of the English system in free America * England times were commercially tough, especially in the 1600's with the Glorious Revolution taking shape. But in America, tobacco, cotton, and manufacturing began to ascend to the economic throne. * In fact, the reason that many colonists arrived in the new world was to escape the control of the monarch and the Parliament. * Additionally, in the colonies, there was a policy of states’ rights which also played a role in giving power to the people.Point Three: * Religious times grew immensely with salutary neglect * From the beginning, America was a place to practice religion freely. * Puritans and separatists all flocked to America to practice religious freedom. * The Quakers were given freedom to practice their religion in Pennsylvania. * The â€Å"Catholic Haven† of Maryland was granted freedom of religion through the Act of Toleration. * These ideologies were present within the new world because no â€Å"big brother† was enforcing laws against religious freedom. When Edwards and Whitefield began preaching during â€Å"The Great Awakening,† religion was largely revived.* The religious revival stressed tolerance and unity, and was the first real movement that unified the colonists. The roots of the revivalism came from Penn, Hooker, (â€Å"Mother Anne†) Lee, Williams, and others who strived for toleration earlier. Conclusion: * Britain’s policy of Salutary Neglect guided the American Society in Legislative assemblies, commerce, and religion; it is because of these factors that made the Americas a thriving world source for trade and many other things.

Collabarative learning community

It is Important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health promotion and disease preventive care. Collaborating with other health care professionals and consumer groups In the community In redesigning health care can help meet the goals for Healthy People 2020. Refer to http://www. healthypeople. gov/ to open the Healthy People home page. Select the â€Å"2020 Topics & Objectives† tab.Select one of the 42 â€Å"Healthy People† topic areas for improving health. Submit the proposed area to the instructor for approval. No group may work on the same focus area as another group. Develop a PowerPoint presentation (15-20 slides) with accompanying speaker's notes and citations. For help deslgnlng PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed In the Topic Materials. In the presentation, address the following: State the objective of the presentation.State the Healthy People 2020 focus area your group has selected and the rationale or selection of the specif ic focus area. Explain how the focus area relates to the individual, family and community and all age groups throughout the lifespan. Identify ways to enhance or optimize health in the selected focus area using evidence-based research. A minimum of three peer-reviewed articles must be utilized. Address the health disparity among different segments of the population for the selected focus area.Provide a brief description of at least two community resources and at least two ebsite resources for professionals and clients. Provide a brief profile of at least one health-related organization for the selected focus area While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in- text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a grading rubric.Instructors will be using the rubric to grade he assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. collabarative learning community By Roopneetkaur It is important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health professionals and consumer groups in the community in redesigning health care can For help designing PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed in the Topic Collabarative Learning Community It is important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health promotion and disease preventive care. Collaborating with other health care professionals and consumer groups in the community in redesigning health care can help meet the goals for Healthy People 2020.Refer to http://www.healthypeople.gov/ to open the Healthy People home page.Select the â€Å"2020 Topics & Objectives† tab.Select one of the 42 â€Å"Healthy People† topic areas for improving health. Submit the proposed area to the instructor for approval. No group may work on the same focus area as another group. Develop a PowerPoint presentation (15-20 slides) with accompanying speaker's notes and citations.For help designing PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed in the Topic Materials.In the presentation, address the following:State the objective of the presentation.State the Healthy People 2020 focus area your group has selected and the rationale for selection of the specific foc us area. Explain how the focus area relates to the individual, family and community and all age groups throughout the lifespan. Identify ways to enhance or optimize health in the selected focus area using evidence-based research. A minimum of three peer-reviewed articles must be utilized. Address the health disparity among different segments of the population for the selected focus area. Provide a brief description of at least two community resources and at least two website resources for professionals and clients.Provide a brief profile of at least one health-related organization for the selected focus area. While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; ther efore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

Analysis of Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address Essay

When Abraham Lincoln won the presidency in 1860 the Union was divided. He accepted his presidential duties knowing that he was working with a nation that no longer remained united. Seven of the southern states had already seceded from the Union and were beginning to refer to themselves as the Confederates. What he had now were free states and slave states. When Lincoln gave his Inaugural Address he attempted to do so in a way that would not dissuade his chances of gaining support in the southern states, especially when it involved the institution of slavery. However, he also made it clear in his address that he believed a secure and united nation was of utmost importance and he rejected the ideas of secession and minority rule, and he did not endorse the separation of his nation. Abraham Lincoln was elected without the support of a single southern state. The states in the south were fearful that Lincoln, who openly discouraged slavery, would establish anti-slavery laws and equality for all citizens, including blacks. However, in his address Lincoln did the opposite. Lincoln knew the southern states were apprehensive of him being the man in charge and assumed their rights may be endangered and he wanted to ease their mind. He let those in the South know that he had no purpose to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states it currently exists, and that he had no lawful right to do so (669). Lincoln had said this repeatedly in many speeches he made before this address, and he never intended to change his position on this. He believed each state had the right to control their domestic affairs, and the federal government will do its best not to interfere with state sovereignty. That balance of power is what makes the political system in the United States so successful and Lincoln really attempts to respect that. Lincoln then addresses the controversy about the delivering up of slaves after they have escaped. He refers directly to a passage in the Constitution that says any person who is held to a service or labor in one State and escapes to another cannot by law by pardoned from said job, but must be returned to whoever the service or labor is due (670). Lincoln does question if this was only put in the Constitution by those who hoped to reclaim fugitive slaves who have escaped, but he does acknowledge the fact that because it is in the Constitution himself and members of Congress support it. Although it is not clear who will enforce this policy, the national or State authorities, Lincoln suggests that it is in all States best interest to abide by the laws in the Constitution that have yet to be repealed. Although Lincoln was very tolerant of the institution of slavery in the Southern States even though he did not fully support it, he did not stand for a nation divided. As the southern states continued to remove themselves from the Union, Lincoln feared they were attempting to disrupt the order of things in the nation. The Union of States is considered to be perpetual. It is the fundamental law of all national governments; no government would allow provisions in its constitution that would allow for it to be terminated. He states that since the beginning of the Union there has been progression only towards strengthening the Union and the establishment of the Constitution was to â€Å"form a more perfect Union† (671). As States continue to secede the nation is becoming less perfect because the vital element of perpetuity is lost. States are legally bound to remain a part of the Union, and those who attempt to work against the national authority are insurrectionary (671). As the president of the United States Lincoln believes he has an important duty in taking whatever means necessary to keep the Union in place. He makes it very clear though, that in his attempt to defend and maintain the Union he plans to do so without bloodshed or the use of violence unless he is forced to do so. Lincoln strives to resolve these national issues in a peaceful manner. Abraham Lincoln stands firm in his belief that the separation of the Union will have definite consequences. He believes that before the southern states carry out a matter as great as the destruction of the Union they are a part of they consider the gravity of their decision. Lincoln states that there is not any time when any right plainly written in the Constitution has been denied. If there was a time when the majority deprived a minority of his constitutional rights then there may be cause or justification for a revolution, but this is not the case in this situation (673). The Constitution ensures that all of the fundamental rights of individuals are covered so there should never be and questions concerning them. However, the Constitution cannot possibly cover all questions and issues brought before it, and this is where the division between the minority and majority derive. If a minority chooses to secede from the majority rather than attempt to comply they are setting themselves up for disaster. A minority of their own will secede from them after the majority refuses to be controlled by them, and there a destructive pattern begins (673). Lincoln expresses in his Address how important it is that the nation does not separate. All of the States must share the same nation, the same land, and that is not going to change. A wall cannot just be built and all problems and issues forgot. All States must work together to solve the issues and remain a united nation. Lincoln is aware that when individuals or States are unhappy with the existing government they the ability to exercise their rights of amending the Constitution or attempting to overthrow it (675). He believes that if the citizens of his nation want a change or hope to make amendments to the Constitution they do so in a more proper and convention manner than to rebel against the national government or to separate from the Union, very extreme and destructive measures. The most pressing issue is that of slavery, that is the only substantial dispute between the States. One half of the nation is against it, the other half believe it is right and want to extend their right to keep slaves. The provisions in the Constitution involving slavery, the fugitive-slave clause and the suppression of the foreign slave trade are well enforced and in some ways work to please both sides of the dispute (673). This is not an issue that can be easily solved but the separation of the Union will make things much worse off than they were before. The foreign slave trade would be revived, angering the anti-slave states, and those states would ultimately refuse to return slaves who escape (673). Lincoln believes that the fate of the Union lies in the hands of his fellow-countrymen. The issue of civil war is prevalent and will be the greatest consequence of secession. He assures his citizens that the government will not be the assailant and there will be no conflict unless they are the aggressors. Lincoln makes it very clear in his address how important he believes the unity of the nation is. No problems will be solved by separating and he wants the citizens of his nation to know where he stands on the issue. It was known that Abraham Lincoln supported the Northern, anti-slave states but in this Address he focuses on trying to persuade them that secession is not the answer, and ttempts to do so without further alienating them. Any president beginning their first term wants to clearly state his position on the most pressing issues at the time of their election, and how he plans to tackle them. Although, Lincoln does not specifically list the ways in which he plans to reunite his nation he does warn them of the eventual consequences if the problem is not addresses and solved. Lincoln knew what was to come if the two sides could not reach an agreement, and he was right.

Organizational Communication Concepts and Skills Assignment

Organizational Communication Concepts and Skills - Assignment Example Therefore, if the organization tends to neglect socializing the employees, then in such cases the employees must themselves socialize. There are two distinct communication network taking place in organizational environment. They are formal as well as informal network. The formal network is making communication following the hierarchical structure of the organization. On the other hand, the informal network comprises communication following the grapevine (Cairo University, 2012). It is a well known fact that successful communication in an organization enhances the efficiency, minimizes the turnover of the employees and also helps in the development of the office atmosphere. The chief objective of this discussion is to propose a new communication structure for an organization. The five different concepts that the discussion shall evaluate are active listening, organizational culture, and conflict resolution, leadership strategies as well as formal and informal communication. Analysis o f the Concepts Important For Successful Communication within an Organization Active Listening It is a well known fact that effective listening is significant for improving communication. However, the managers are not always found to be listening since active listening is not considered to be a natural procedure. Mental as well as physical efforts are needed on part of the listener. Intra-organizational listening can be considered as an influential competitive tool (Helms & Haynes, 1992). In the context of the business world, listening is considered to be a significant element of effectual communication in an organization. While communicating with the members of the organization, listening will assist in avoiding any kind of confusions, comprehending the work lucidly and thus creating a positive connection with whom the communication is initiated. The communication experts have agreed to the fact that active listening as a major factor which comprises behaviors such as empathetic bod y language, posing useful questions, validating employee expression via considerate conversation turn-taking along with rephrasing for ensuring mutual understanding. Active listening generally comprises the focus of the consultants upon the clients with an indication that they are listening closely to the issue presented and the client’s interpretation of this aspect (The University of Maine, 2012). For a communication to be effective and successful, it is vital for the listeners to motivate themselves to listen. They are supposed to decide precisely why they are listening. Active listening offers numerous advantages to the organization. It leads to save in time by means of people’s defenses and gain significant information without repeating the same conversation always. It permits the organization to evaluate a situation accurately (Kuboto, Mishima, & Nagata, 2004). However, one of the facts regarding active listening is that it is not an easy skill to be attained. It might as well require alterations in one’s own basic attitudes. Active listening carries an element of personal risk. Creating an attitude of sincere interest in the speaker is not an easy task. It can hence be created by being willing to risk viewing the world from the speaker’s point of view (Rogers & Farson, 2010). Organizational Culture Organizational culture is considered to be a significant component in the context of organizational communication. Culture is generally comprehended as how people make sense of

Quality and environmental management systems 111 Essay

Quality and environmental management systems 111 - Essay Example If Timmerhus wishes to integrate its QMS and EMS into a single system, then this can be achieved because the International Standards ISO 9000:2000 governing the QMS and ISO 14001:1996 have been designed in such a way as to be compatible with one another. Many organizations find integration easier when they have already implemented QMS (Darnall 2002, 143). These systems can thus be integrated to increase their overall effectiveness and to achieve efficiency in the use of organizational resources. Curkovic (2004, 164) explains that the two systems can be integrated with minimal extra expenditure to achieve significant synergy. The eight principles of QMS (Singhal and Singhal 2008, 15) and the five principles of EMS have much in common to enable them to be integrated to a great extent (Bose 2011, 380). For instance, much of the planning requirements for the QMS and EMS can be met by a single set of procedures and resources. For instance, the documentation requirements for QMS specified in Section 4.2 of ISO 9001, including documentation control and control of records, can be prepared through the same procedures used to prepare the EMS documentation required under Section 4.4.4 of ISO 14001. ... Communication channels can also be integrated for the two systems. Finally, the internal audit required under Section 8.2.2 of ISO 9001 and the EMS audit required under Section 4.5.4 of ISO 14001 can also be achieved through an integrated system that uses a common pool of organizational resources and processes (Whitelaw 2004, 133). In general, a number of activities including planning, management review, internal audit and control mechanisms can be shared in common by the QMS and EMS in an integrated system. Kymal (2004, 74) recommends a common internal communication system for the integrated QMS and EMS. However, Timmerhus management needs to ascertain whether the employees are sufficiently fluent in the use of the existing QMS system to make the integration of the new EMS system a profitable decision. Significant Environmental Aspects of Timmerhus UK Ltd Although prefabricated construction is said to be environmentally friendly compared to traditional forms of construction, the lik elihood of Timmerhus having significant environmental aspects of its own manufacturing processes and operations cannot be excluded. The company is likely to have an impact on the environment as a result of its use of natural resources in the process of manufacturing, transportation of supplies and finished goods, and in the disposal of defective items and waste. These actions can have an impact on the communities and the natural environment. Hence, it is essential that the company be aware of such environmental impacts and take steps to address them in its environmental policy and the EMS. The primary natural resource used in the manufacturing process of custom-designed prefabricated housing materials is

Skip navigation links BFS 3440-07B BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR FIRE Essay - 2

Skip navigation links BFS 3440-07B BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR FIRE PROTECTION (BFS3440-07B) - Essay Example Bearing walls hold or bears the load of the structure; the load of the structure is transferred to the bearing wall from the floor joists and the roof rafters. Nonbearing walls are non load bearing support elements that serves the function of supporting the weight of itself and they do not bear or hold the load of the structure and they are generally used for partitioning an area in a building. As a result of the function of the bearing wall in a building, its failure can result in the catastrophic collapse of the building it supports, whereas the collapse of the non-bearing wall has little or no effect on the structure of the building as they only support their own weight and do not hold the weight of the building in any form. A fire fighter in fighting a fire must devise a tactic to identify the load-bearing walls and be aware of the dangers that are associated with the failure of the bearing walls (Wallace, 2001). A non-bearing wall is easier to build than bearing walls, a fire fighter must be aware of the fact that non-bearing wall are more likely to be destroyed by fire and could cause the spread of fire; hence they must try to first quench fire from non-bearing walls in the event of an outbreak to prevent the spread of fire and make sure that fire do not spread to the bearing walls as its collapse would bring about a catastrophic destruction of the

Controversy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Controversy - Essay Example The increased attention on global warming seen in 2007 is attributed to several events including the release of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Reports and the fluctuating oil prices and of Al Gore’s film ‘An Inconvenient Truth,’ which gave the news â€Å"hooks into climate change-related stories† (Boycoff, 2010). The amount of news coverage on global warming towards the end of the decade registered an increase to approximately five times the amount of attention given to the issues at the turn of the millennium (Boycoff, 2010). However, in contrast, the amount of coverage on the environment remained at 1.5% at the end of the decade and these figures were even lower in the radio and on network TV. This news coverage saw a decrease for the years 2007 to 2009 when the global economic crisis took centre-stage in the news (Boycoff, 2010). The fact that no large-scale disasters like that of the Katrina hurricane disaster also stalled the coverage of climate change. Boycoff (2010) describes how his assessment of articles on climate change published in the New York Times, the Washington Post, the LA Times and the Wall Street Journal indicate a widespread disagreement with the fact that humans play a huge role in climate change. This mismatch in information is mostly attributed to the wrong applicatio n of so-called ‘balanced reporting’ (Boycoff, 2010). And this mismatch in data has contributed to the confusion on the issue of climate change. However, this bias which was detected in the coverage was later diminished and was no longer pervasive because the media or news coverage became outdated. A new representation was actually considered, especially as George W. Bush, in the 2005 G8 Summit recognized the fact that the Earth has become considerably warmer and man’s contribution through toxic emissions is a reason for the warming global temperatures (Boycoff, 2010). Other