The Effects of Dam Construction on the Environment, A...

Literature Review Many developed and developing countries worldwide depend on hydroelectric dams as a major source of their electricity power. Due to increase in population size and economic related activities, the demand for more electricity continues to rise (International Energy Agency, 2006). To meet such demand, government and energy providers in many developing countries are likely to turn to hydroelectric dams as a promising source of renewable electric power (Ledec Quintero, 2003). Dam construction has its effects towards the surrounding areas. The environmental impacts may include the flooding of the natural habitats, loss of terrestrial wildlife, deterioration of water quality due to the reduced oxygenation and dilution of pollutants, spreading water-related diseases, drop in water’s level including involuntary displacement just to name a few (Ledec Quintero, 2003). McDowell, too, argues that involuntary population displacement or transfers may lead to irreversible social and cultural impoverishment (McDowell, 1996). Forced population displacement may lead to eight forms of impoverishment: unemployment, homelessness, landlessness, marginalization, food insecurity, loss of access to common property, erosion of health status and social disarticulation (Cernea, 1990). In identifying the potential adverse environmental, social and economic impact and increased positive outcomes related to hydropower development appropriate initiatives are normally taken intoShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Beaver Activity Is A Public Nuisance Or Beneficial Ecological Restoration?1749 Words   |  7 Pagespublic nuisance or beneficial ecological restoration has much to do with people’s understanding of beavers. The abundant geomorphic and ecologic literature on beaver processes seem to have been generally overlooked in the debate of public policy. Since there is very little scientific literature showing the benefits or consequences of beavers on urban environments, our study seeks to fill those gaps so that communities can make more informed decision about their beavers. We found that natural and beaver-dammedRead MoreThe Socio-Economic Effects of Spring Grove Dam in the Midlands Area2369 Words   |  10 Pagessocio-economic effects of Spring Grove Dam in the Midland s area [Source: www.springgrovedam.co.za] Table of Contents Page Introduction: Aims and Objectives 3 Location Aim Hypothesis Factors of Investigation Review of Literature 5 Data/Information Gathering and Presentation of Findings 7 Analysis, Interpretation and Discussion of Findings Conclusion and Evaluation Referencing INTRODUCTION Location and information about Spring Grove Dam: Spring GroveRead MoreThe Effects Of Water Related Climate Change Adaptation Interventions On The Local Communities Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to explore the impacts of water-related climate change adaptation interventions on the local communities, the research should clarify the main concepts and theoretical frames for the key concepts and related literature review on these concepts. a) Relevant literature i. Climate change adaptation There are many scholars with different viewpoints in climate change adaptation {Adger, 2009 #299;IPCC., 2008 #293;O’Brien, 2012 #290;Pelling, 2011 #292}. Therefore, scoping the definition and magnitudeRead MoreA Study Based On Personal Interests And Literature Review798 Words   |  4 PagesStudying sociology is to understand social action that can have an explanation of causes and effects. In order to understand the social action, scholars need to conduct a research prior to interpret the phenomenon at the specific study area. However, conducting a research, researchers need to complete many tasks, such as development of a research question, selection of research methodology, development of questionnaires, data collection, data analyse and research report writing. This paper outlinesRead MoreThe Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in China Essay1996 Words   |  8 PagesTraditionally, environmental management has been considered in the light of knowing the best technological solution. A significant case study representing a technological solution to environmental management is the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) on the Yangtze River in China. The dam has two principal management purposes. These are; to provide energy sourced by more renewable means than coal burning alternatives, to meet rising demands, as well as reduce flooding of the Yangtze River. Following a deeper introductionRead MoreThe History Of Self Compacting Concrete ( Scc )1215 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Concrete is a construction material that is most widely used all over the world in civil engineering infrastructures like buildings, dams, bridges, towers, Water tanks, foundations, retaining walls, pipes, tunnels, swimming polls roads .etc. To achieve the required strength and durability of concrete, it requires proper and sufficient compaction while placing concrete at site/place. Inadequate compaction of concrete can lead to lower strength and poor durability of hardened concreteRead MoreEssay on High Performance Concrete4541 Words   |  19 PagesCHAPTER 4 4. Literature review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 CHAPTER 5 5. Salient features of HPC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....12 CHAPTER 6 6. Composition of HPC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 CHAPTER 7 7. Types of Materials†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 8.2 Silica fume†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 8.3.1 Physical properties†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.14 8.3.2 Technical Benefits of SF†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 8.3.3 Effect on Water Permeability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 8.3.4 Effect on CompressiveRead MoreWater Wars4440 Words   |  18 PagesCritical Literature Review: Water Wars INTRODUCTION: The term War as violent as it is in its connotation, should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, war is a violent way for determining who gets to say what goes on in a given territory (Orend). With this said, conflicts over water have been the source of dispute since humans began cultivating food; hence the word â€Å"rivalry† comes from the Latin word rivali, â€Å"one using the sameRead MoreFreshwater Mussel and Water Quality: a Review of the Effects of Hydrologic and Instream Habitat Alterations9693 Words   |  39 PagesProceedings of the First Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, 1999, pages 261-274  © 2000 Ohio Biological Survey Freshwater mussels and water quality: A review of the effects of hydrologic and instream habitat alterations G. Thomas Watters1 Ohio Biological Survey and Aquatic Ecology Laboratory; 1315 Kinnear Road, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212 ABSTRACT: Hydraulic impacts represent a suite of habitat alterations that, although having different causes, often have similarRead MoreTheories and Development of Ecofeminism Essay2603 Words   |  11 PagesEcofeminism Ecofeminism is an environmental movement, born in the late 1970s and early 1980s, from the necessity to give the possibility to women to have an active participation in ecological issues. In the West, gender and environment are the main topics of a large literature, which relate these two elements in ideological terms. In India however, ecofeminism has become an important and fundamental movement able to protect, in an efficient way, even if towards a slow process, the environmental system

Biography of Alice Paul, Womens Suffrage Activist

Alice Paul (January 11, 1885–July 9, 1977) was a leading figure responsible for the final push and success in winning passage of the 19th Amendment (womens suffrage) to the U.S. Constitution. She is identified with the more radical wing of the womens suffrage movement that later developed. Fast Facts: Alice Paul Known For: Alice Paul was one of the leaders of the womens suffrage movement and continued to work for womens rights throughout the first half of the 20th centuryBorn: January 11, 1885 in Mount Laurel, New JerseyParents: Tacie Parry and William PaulDied: July 9, 1977 in Moorestown, New JerseyEducation: Bachelors Degree from Swarthmore University; Masters Degree from Columbia University; Ph.D.  from the University of Pennsylvania; Law Degree from American UniversityPublished Works: Equal Rights AmendmentAwards and Honors:  Posthumously inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in and the New Jersey Hall of Fame; had stamps and coins created in her imageNotable Quote: There will never be a new world order until women are a part of it. Early Life Alice Paul was born in Moorestown, New Jersey, in 1885. Her parents raised her and her three younger siblings as Quakers. Her father, William M. Paul, was a successful businessman, and her mother, Tacie Parry Paul, was active in the Quaker (Society of Friends) movement.  Tacie Paul was a descendant of William Penn and William Paul was a descendant of the Winthrop family, both early leaders in Massachusetts.  William Paul died when Alice was 16 years old, and a more conservative male relative, asserting leadership in the family, caused some tensions with the familys more liberal and tolerant ideas. Alice Paul  attended Swarthmore College, the same institution her mother had attended as one of the first women educated there.  She majored in biology at first but developed an interest in social sciences.  Paul then went to work at the New York College Settlement, while attending the New York School of Social Work for a year after graduating from Swarthmore in 1905.   Alice Paul left for England in 1906 to work in the settlement house movement for three years. She studied first at a Quaker school and then at the University of Birmingham. While in England, Paul was exposed to the suffragist movement in progress, which had a profound impact on her direction in life. She  returned to America to get her Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania (1912).  Her dissertation was on womens legal status. Alice Paul and the National Womans Party In England, Alice Paul had taken part in more radical protests for womens suffrage, including participating in the hunger strikes. She worked with the Womens Social and Political Union. She brought back this sense of militancy, and back in the U.S. she organized protests and rallies and was imprisoned three times. Alice Paul joined and became chair of a major committee (congressional) of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) within a year, in her mid-20s. A year later in 1913, however, Alice Paul and others withdrew from the NAWSA to form the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. Paul and her supporters believed that the NAWSA was too conservative and that a more radical approach was needed to push forward the agenda of womens suffrage. Pauls new organization evolved into the National Womans Party (NWP), and Alice Pauls leadership was key to this organizations founding and future. Alice Paul and the National Womans Party emphasized working for a federal constitutional amendment for suffrage. Their position was at odds with the position of the NAWSA, headed by Carrie Chapman Catt, which was to work state-by-state as well as at the federal level. Despite the often intense acrimony between the National Womans Party and the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the two groups tactics complemented each other.  NAWSAs taking more deliberate action to win suffrage in elections meant that more politicians at the federal level had a stake in keeping women voters happy. The NWPs militant stance kept the issue of womens suffrage at the forefront of the political world. Winning Womens Suffrage Alice Paul, as the leader of the NWP, took her cause to the streets. Following the same approach as her English compatriots, she put together pickets, parades, and marches, including a very large event in Washington, DC, on March 3, 1913. Eight thousand women marched down Pennsylvania Avenue with banners and floats, cheered and jeered by tens of thousands of onlookers. Just two weeks later, Pauls group met with newly-elected President Woodrow Wilson, who told them that their time had not yet come. In response, the group embarked on an 18-month period of picketing, lobbying, and demonstrations. More than 1,000 women stood at the gates of the White House each day, displaying signs as the silent sentinels. The result was that many of the picketers were arrested and jailed for months. Paul arranged a hunger strike, which led to intense publicity for her cause. In 1928, Woodrow Wilson succumbed and announced his support for womens votes. Two years later, womens suffrage was the law. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) After the 1920 victory for the federal amendment, Paul became involved in the struggle to introduce and pass an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The Equal Rights Amendment was finally passed by Congress in 1970 and sent to the states to ratify. However, the number of states necessary never ratified  the ERA within the specified time limit, and the amendment failed. Paul continued her work into her later years, earning a law degree in 1922 at Washington College, and then going on to earn a Ph.D. in law at American University. Death Alice Paul died in 1977 in New Jersey, after the heated battle for the Equal Rights Amendment brought her once more to the forefront of the American political scene. Legacy Alice Paul was one of the primary forces behind the passage of the 19th Amendment, a major and lasting achievement. Her influence continues today through the Alice Paul Institute, which states on its website: The Alice Paul Institute educates the public about the life and work of Alice Stokes Paul (1885-1977), and offers heritage and girls’ leadership development programs at Paulsdale, her home and a National Historic Landmark. Alice Paul led the final fight to get women the vote and wrote the Equal Rights Amendment. We honor her legacy as a role model of leadership in the continuing quest for equality. Sources Alicepaul.org, Alice Paul Institute. Butler, Amy E. Two Paths to Equality: Alice Paul and Ethel M. Smith in the ERA Debate, 1921-1929. State University of New York Press, 2002. Lunardini, Christine A. From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and the National Womans Party, 1910-1928. American Social Experience, iUniverse, April 1, 2000.

Child Abuse And Its Effects On Children - 1970 Words

Child abuse is mistreatment of a child by a parent or guardian, including neglect, beating, and sexual molestation.Child abuse happens to children all over the world. There are four different types of child abuse. physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and child neglect. Approximately 5 children die everyday because of child abuse. child abuse can physically and mentally harm a child by having Symptoms of nightmares, depression, and isolation. These symptoms can continue into adulthood. â€Å"one out of three girls and one out of five boys will be sexually abused before they reach age 18†. nobody knows what s going on at home because the children are scared or either threaten by the abuser to not tell anyone anything. Physical abuse is when a parent or caregiver causes any kind of physical injury to a child. physical abuse includes whipping , biting , kicking and choking. physical abuse can result in broken bones, brain damage , emotional and psychological harm. There are several reasons why adults or caregivers abuse children . one reason can be that the adult or caregiver was abused by their parents when they were children so when they grow up they choose to abuse children like they were abused. another reason can be as in a form of punishment or disciplinary action . some parents or caregivers think pain to kids can get them to listen and act right when they have bad behavior. â€Å"Signs of physical abuse in a caregiver or parent are , can t or won’t explain injuryShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children935 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an issue in America since the beginning of time, but lately there has gradually been an increase in reported incidents o f abuse. There are several types of child abuse that are present in today’s society. The different types of abuse include physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Of the different maltreatment types, four-fifths (78.3%) of unique victims were neglected, 17.6 percent were physically abused, 9.2 percent were sexually abused, 8.1 percent were psychologically maltreatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals corrected. However, there are cases that have not been solved or not stopped by the law. Child abuse is common. Child abuse can be caused by a variety of reasons. Scientist have been studying and they have some ideas on what prompt people to harm children (Ian Hacking). They are trying to end child abuse, but there is so much they can do. Many children abuse incidents are not reported. Child abuse may have many causes as in way the abuser does it. One specific factor is the background of theRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effect s On Children913 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral types of abuse, there’s physical, emotional, verbal and several others abuses. But the abuse I would like to focus on is child abuse. Domestic violence towards children is important because there is a way to prevent it from happening. Typical parents and caregivers do not intend to abuse their children. Abuse is mainly directed toward the behaviors that are given off towards one another. Author David Gil defines child abuse as an occurrence where a caretaker injures a child, not by accidentRead MoreChild Abuse Is An Effect On Children1657 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2010 according to the census bureau there were 74,100,000 U.S children between the ages of 0-17 being abused and 3.3 million referrals. This effected on average 1-10 U.S families and children, there were more than 32,200,000 U.S families with children under the age of 18 according to the 2010 census bureau. From the 3.3 million hotline calls in 2010 there were less than 475,000 sustained cases (2010 NCANDS: 436,321 sustained +24,976 indicated = 461,297 total) resulting in about 15% of hotlineRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1488 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' In addressing child abuse we are confronted with a series of problems. On the one hand, there is a lack of the true extent of the phenomenon because no data are available and that the issue, often refers to the most intimate spaces of family life. Furthermore, cultural and historical traditions affect the way each society faces this problem. Finally, there are varying opinions as to its definition and classification, as well as the consequences of child abuse may have and its subsequent therapeuticRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1263 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse Child abuse is any behavior which, by action or omission, produces physical or psychological damage to a person less than 18 years, affecting the development of his personality. In homes, it is believed that the most effective way to educate children is using the abuse. This form of punishment it used as an instrument of correction and moral training strategy as it is the first and most persistent justification of damage and maltreated mothers parents inflict on their children. SocietyRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1160 Words   |  5 PagesMost parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but abuse is defined by the effect on the child, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver. Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them, making child abuse as common as it is shocking. Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behavior is, the more unimaginable it seems. ButRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreports of child abuse are made involving more than 6 million children. The United States has one of the worst records of child abuse losing 4-7 children a day to the abuse. Abuse is when any behavior or action that is used to scare, harm, threaten, control or intimidate another person. Child abuse is a behavior outside the norms of conduct and entails substantial risk of causing physical or emotional harm. There are four main types of child abuse; physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, andRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States is

Variables Measurements Linear Combination -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Variables Measurements Linear Combination? Answer: Introducation For tracking, we adopt EKF over linear Kalman filtering because most of the times the state variables and management are not linear combination of state variables, inputs to the system and noise. The key variables used in EKF were state estimate (k x ) and measurement (k z ) whose relation can be depicted in the figure below . This is the advance research of our previous work so comprehensive explanation of EKF can be seen below And from the above illustration diagram we can come up with algorithms to help come up with the matlab codes (Corke, 2011). Above algorithms it will be very easy to develop the Matlab codes Here is the basic program for detecting and tracking moving object from a video (Using colour information). This program first loads the video "singleball.mp4" into workspace and then by using kalman filtering and blob analysis, the moving ball is tracked (Corke, 2011).Therefore the below are the matlab codes for object tracking using colour information. Matlab Program for Object Tracking: // Showing the colour information ( video ) videoReader = vision.VideoFileReader('singleball.mp4'); //Initializing the positions of the objects to be tracked videoPlayer = vision.VideoPlayer('Position',[100,100,500,400]); foregroundDetector = vision.ForegroundDetector('NumTrainingFrames',10,'InitialVariance',0.05); // giving the condition or the boundary of tracking of the object, it is false if the minimum Blob area is 70 m. blobAnalyzer = vision.BlobAnalysis('AreaOutputPort',false,'MinimumBlobArea',70); kalmanFilter = []; isTrackInitialized = false; // Introducing a while loop for the video reader. while ~isDone(videoReader) colorImage = step(videoReader); // Detecting the foreground object through colour image foregroundMask = step(foregroundDetector, rgb2gray(colorImage)); detectedLocation = step(blobAnalyzer,foregroundMask); isObjectDetected = size(detectedLocation, 1) 0; if ~isTrackInitialized if isObjectDetected // If there is a constant acceleration of the moving object and the detected location within 25 or 10 tracks then marketing track initialized is correct ( the position of the object is correct). kalmanFilter = configureKalmanFilter('ConstantAcceleration',detectedLocation(1,:), [1 1 1]*1e5, [25, 10, 10], 25); isTrackInitialized = true; end label = ''; circle = zeros(0,3); else if isObjectDetected predict(kalmanFilter); // And since it is located the label will be corrected (If was in wrong direction, it will be directed to the required direction) trackedLocation = correct(kalmanFilter, detectedLocation(1,:)); label = 'Corrected'; else // Therefore the location of the object is the predicted one. trackedLocation = predict(kalmanFilter); label = 'Predicted'; end circle = [trackedLocation, 5]; end colorImage = insertObjectAnnotation(colorImage,'circle',circle,label,'dominant Color','dominant color'); Foreachforeground ; Most Frequent color= Dominant color; ForEvery Object A; //New Dominance color is that color after demerging while Previous Dominant color is that color before merging. IFNewDominanceColor= PreviousDominantColor; ElseIf SameAs A Else NewObject B; Step (videoPlayer,colorImage); If( ObjectSizeInFrame J ObjectSizeInFrame J-1Threshold); //The ID is stored if object size in frame J - object size In frame J-1 1. StoredIDandDominantColorInMerged Array; Else BobDisapears; StoreCenterPoint,DominatColorInPastObjectArray; end release(videoPlayer); release(videoReader); End // The execution of the program will end at this point The above codes will thus help showing a good tracking of moving independent and partial occluded objects. The direction of object was maintained to recover its tracking ID after partial merging and past information for 10 frames to re-track object operations after few frames by STGMM. And this can be witnessed from the below diagrams, References Blake, A. (2012). Active Vision . London : Mit press. Corke, P. (2011). Robotics, Vision and control : Fundermental Algorithms in MATLAB . nursing: Springe